​Introduction to Finished Shoe Manufacturing Process (Cold-Bonded Shoes)

The following uses classic canvas shoes (cold-bonded process) as an example to introduce the complete manufacturing process of a finished shoe, from upper processing to final packaging. The process record you provided mainly includes key steps such as upper marking, glue application, drying, cold bonding and pressing, shaping, and packaging.

I. Upper Marking (Positioning Lines)

After the upper is made, the first step is to "mark positioning lines."

Main functions:

Determine the sole bonding position

Ensure symmetry between the left and right shoes

Determine the glue application area

Facilitate subsequent sole pressing

Common methods:

Manual marking，Laser positioning，Template positioning

II. Glue Application to the Upper and Sole

This is one of the most crucial steps in the cold-bonding process.

Workers will evenly apply a treatment agent and glue to:

The upper edge and the sole bonding surface.

Shoe sole adhesive application temperature: approximately 60℃

Shoe upper processing temperature: approximately 80℃

Purpose:

Activate the adhesive，Enhance bonding strength，Prevent later separation

III. Oven Activation

After adhesive application, the shoe upper and sole need to be activated in an oven.

Function:

Volatile solvents

Activate the adhesive layer

Improve bonding performance

Under normal circumstances:

Temperature should not be too high

Time should not be too long

Prevent adhesive failure

This is a crucial step determining the bonding strength.

IV. Cold Bonding of the Shoe Sole

After drying, the formal bonding of the sole begins.

Workers will:

Precisely align the shoe upper and sole before cold bonding.

This step requires:

Accurate positioning

Successful bonding on the first attempt

Preventing misalignment

Cold bonding technology is widely used in:

Canvas shoes

Casual shoes

Sports shoes

EVA shoes

V. First Pressing

After the sole is bonded, the first pressing is performed.

Main Equipment:

Forefoot Pressing Machine

Heel Pressing Machine

Side Pressing Machine

Function:

Initially fix the sole

Remove air

Improve fit

VI. Small Oven Heating

After the first pressing, the shoe undergoes a second heating process in a small oven.

Purpose:

Further activate the adhesive layer

Improve bonding strength

Enhance sole stability

This step effectively reduces:

The incidence of problems such as glue separation, edge lifting, and sole detachment.

VII. Second Pressing

Pressure is applied again using the pressing equipment.

After the second pressing:

The sole and upper are more tightly bonded

The bonding strength is further improved

The finished product has better stability

This is a process used by many high-quality shoe factories.

VIII. Shaping

After pressing, the shoe enters the shaping stage.

Main Content:

Adjusting the shoe shape

Eliminating deformation

Stabilizing the structure

After shaping, the shoe's:

Appearance

Curves

Wearing comfort

will be more stable.

IX. Drying and Quality Inspection

The shoes need to cool and dry naturally.

Then proceed to:

Appearance inspection

Adhesive strength inspection

Size inspection

Cleaning

Ensure compliance with shipping standards.

X. Packaging and Warehousing

Final Completion:

Washing shoes

Installing paper supports

Packaging into shoe boxes

Packaging

Warehoused

At this point, a complete pair of canvas shoes is officially produced.

Summary

Although the production process of cold-bonded canvas shoes seems simple, it places high demands on:

Glue formulation

Temperature control

Pressing time

Worker operation

Especially:

Glue application

Drying

Sole pressing

These steps directly determine the durability of the shoes and whether they will come unglued.

Modern shoe factories typically use:

Automatic glue application machines

Automatic sole pressing machines

Automatic drying line

To improve product stability and production efficiency.

FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)

1. What is the cold-bonding process?

The cold-bonding process bonds the upper and sole using adhesives at room temperature, without heat vulcanization. It is widely used for canvas shoes, casual shoes, sports shoes, and EVA shoes.

2. Why are positioning lines marked on the upper?

Positioning lines help determine the sole bonding position, glue application area, ensure left-right shoe symmetry, and facilitate accurate sole pressing.

3. What are the temperature requirements for glue application?

• Sole glue application temperature: approx. 60℃

• Upper processing temperature: approx. 80℃
  Incorrect temperatures can affect adhesive activation and bonding strength.

4. Why are there two heating and two pressing steps?

• First heating + pressing: Initially activates the adhesive, fixes the sole, and removes air.

• Second heating + pressing: Further activates the adhesive, improves bonding strength, and reduces defects like sole separation or edge lifting.

5. What are common defects in cold-bonded shoes?

The most common defects are glue separation, edge lifting, and sole detachment. Main causes include:

• Poor adhesive formulation

• Incorrect temperature or time control

• Uneven glue application

• Insufficient pressing pressure

6. How can product quality and stability be improved?

Modern shoe factories typically use:

• Automatic glue application machines

• Automatic sole pressing machines

• Automatic drying lines

• Standardized temperature and pressure control processes

7. Why is shaping necessary after pressing?

Shaping corrects deformation from previous steps, stabilizes the shoe structure, and improves appearance, curves, and wearing comfort.

8. What inspections are done before packaging?

Inspections include:

• Appearance inspection

• Adhesive strength inspection

• Size inspection

• Cleaning

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